Concept of Needling And Moxibustion Techniques

Acupuncture techniques originated from stone needle ( Bian Shi ), an ancient concept that involved the application of stone needle for treating diseases  , it later became known as "needling techniques ".  Now a days, its meaning is widespread and it refers to the specific manipulation and methods of stimulating acupoints, using different needle or non needle tools for the treatment and prevention of disease. Moxibustion originated from the ancient "jiu lou", also called "aijiu", which refers to treating and preventing diseases by using the burning moxa. The broad definition treating and preventing diseases by using the heat of burning moxa wool in conjunction with other medicinal substances such as garlic / Da Suan, ginger, and aconite or other Chinese medicines for therapeutic purposes .

Acupuncture is considered mechanical stimulation, whereas moxibustion is heat stimulation. They are frequently used together in the clinical setting. Ling Shu Guan Neng says "if disease cannot be treated with acupuncture, moxibustion might be suitable method ". This is indicative of how the two complement each other where clinical treatments are concerned .Both have the effects of clearing the meridians and collaterals, promoting the circulation of qi and blood, regulating yin and yang in the internal organs and certain parts of the body via acupoint stimulation, ultimately resulting in reinforcing the body's resistance and eliminating pathogens in an overall effort to cure disease.

Origin And development of needling and moxibustion techniques

1. The origin and development of acupuncture techniques
The origin of acupuncture techniques
The origin of needling tools can be traced back to remote, ancient times. The Chinese ancestors employed the utilization of simple stones in the form of various utensils in their daily life. As they entered the Neolithic Age, the ancestors gradually developed the ability to incorporate stone axed knives and needles into their practice.

As a stone instrument in ancient time , stone needle was considered to be as the earliest form of a needle . Many different literary records concur with the fact that stone needle originated during the Neolithic age and was applied as an instrument for puncturing abscesses and stones to drain pus and blood . Over time it was gradually developed into an instrument of acupuncture.

The evolution of the material composition of acupuncture needles had a close relationship with the development of productive forces in society. Besides stone needle (Bian Shi ),ancient needles were also made from bamboo, pottery, and bones among other substances. With the development of metallurgy, the society entered into Bronze Age, and during the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties bronze needles were formed. Iron instruments were developed in the Spring-Autumn Period, during which time, smelting techniques were developed and improved. Stone needle was replaced by "Nine Needles until Warring States Period and the Qin, Han Dynasties. It was at this time that acupuncture techniques were formed.

The development Of acupuncture techniques
Following the reform of acupuncture instruments, there was a continuous improvement in acupuncture techniques. Nei Jing summarized the ancient acupuncture techniques. Nei Jing summarized the ancient acupuncture techniques and made brilliant exposition. For needling techniques and twelve needling techniques are mentioned for manipulation before the Ming Dynasty summarized the essence of acupuncture manipulation before the Ming Dynasty ,pointing out that there were strong or gentle needling techniques such as the drastic reinforcing and reducing methods ,the even methods in addition to the 12 and 8 techniques of inserting needles ,which are all commonly used in the clinic .After the middle of the Qing dynasty ,there was decline in new developments and innovations in acupuncture techniques .A new period of great developments occurred in the field of acupuncture academics ,research and techniques after the 1950's ,a great amount of word was conducted in literary investigations ,clinical observations resulting in many achievements .Of special effectiveness .At present more and more attention has been paid to traditional techniques with physical include : Electro acupuncture electro heat acupuncture ,electric stimulus at points and microwave acupuncture combined with magnetic ,as well as cupping ,point injection ,catgut embedding therapy ,litigation method cutting therapy to name a few. Some therapeutic approaches put emphasis on point selections in local area resulting in the development of ,and now commonly used auricular acupuncture ,scalp acupuncture and wrist ankle acupuncture ,as well as face , nose and hand acupuncture all of which not only expand the treatment ranges of acupuncture therapy , but also promoted the development of acupuncture medical science .


The origin of moxibustion techniques
As a warm heat therapy moxibustion has a close relationship with fire. The invention and utilization of fire was of great significance to the procreation of human beings and it simultaneously created the necessary conditions for the emergence of moxibustion .Therefore  moxibustion began to take shape with the application of fire burning methods for and it has developed during the practice. Ancient people occasionally discovered fire or heat could relieve or eliminate pain associated with some diseases. Their intuitive application of fire -burning methods for treating various diseases resulted in the development of moxibustion. In the early days tree branches or dried grass was applied for smoking, ironing or burnin.

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